1. Market Overview
Market Size and Growth
| Source | 2024 | 2025 | 2030 Projection | CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grand View Research | $98.1B | $119.6B | $297.2B | 20.0% |
| SkyQuest | $116.3B | $140.0B | $618.4B (2033) | 20.4% |
| Mordor Intelligence | — | — | $27.7B (2031) | — |
| Precedence Research (platform-only) | — | $16.0B | $41.1B (2035) | 9.9% |
| IMARC Group | — | $243.0B | — | — |
Why estimates vary so wildly: The broadest definitions include all virtual meeting, webinar, and event revenue (pushing toward $100B+). Narrower definitions focusing on dedicated virtual event platforms yield $15–20B. The platform-only market (Precedence Research) is the most useful for competitive analysis.
The COVID Boom and Post-COVID Correction
| 2019 (pre-COVID) | ~$78B market. Virtual events existed but were niche. |
|---|---|
| 2020 | Virtual events rose by 1,000%. Platforms saw 52,000+ events. Zoom revenue grew 326% YoY to $2.7B. Hopin went from launch to unicorn in months. |
| 2021 (peak) | Market reached $110B. Hopin valued at $7.75B. ON24 IPO'd at $2.2B valuation. Massive VC investment across the sector. |
| 2022–2023 | Post-COVID correction. In-person events returned. Hopin, Hubilo, Airmeet, Bizzabo all did major layoffs. ON24 revenue began declining from $203.6M peak. |
| 2024–2025 | Consolidation era. Cvent acquired Goldcast, ON24, Splash. Bending Spoons acquired Hopin/StreamYard and Eventbrite. Brandlive acquired Notified and Hubilo. Survivors pivoted to hybrid and AI. |
Hybrid Events Market
The hybrid event production services market was valued at approximately $4B in 2024, projected to reach $5B in 2025 and $12B by 2033 at a 15% CAGR. Hybrid events are the fastest-growing segment at 16.05% CAGR. In 2025, hybrid events are projected to account for over 40% of all events.
Virtual vs. In-Person vs. Hybrid Breakdown
| In-person | ~60% |
|---|---|
| Virtual | ~35% |
| Hybrid | ~5% (but growing fastest) |
However, 74.5% of planners are now adopting hybrid formats and 63% are increasing virtual investments. 83% of meetings planned for 2025 feature an in-person component. The future mix is expected to shift to roughly 32% physical, 45% virtual, 23% hybrid.
Overall Events Industry
The broader events industry was estimated at $1,505B in 2024, projected to reach $5,136B by 2035 at 11.8% CAGR. Virtual events are a fraction of this but growing faster than the overall industry.
Segments
- Enterprise (B2B)
- Largest segment. Corporate conferences, trade shows, product launches, webinars-as-lead-gen. Cvent, ON24, Bizzabo, Goldcast territory. Budgets $25K–$500K+ per event.
- Consumer (B2C)
- Ticketed events, concerts, social gatherings. Eventbrite, Partiful, Luma territory. High volume, lower price points.
- Creator Economy
- Virtual summits, workshops, masterclasses, paid communities with events. Circle, Mighty Networks, Skool, Lu.ma territory. Fastest-growing segment for event-based revenue.
2. Major Platforms
Dedicated Virtual Event Platforms
Hopin — The Cautionary Tale
| Founded | 2019 |
|---|---|
| Total raised | $1B+ |
| Peak valuation | $7.75B (August 2021) |
| Peak headcount | ~1,100 employees |
| 2024 revenue | $73.6M (up from $52.3M in 2023) |
| Key acquisitions made | StreamYard ($250M, 2021), plus 5 other acquisitions in 2020–2021 |
| Layoffs | 3 rounds in 2022. Headcount halved from 1,100 to 503 in one year. 242 people (nearly 1/3) cut in one round. |
| What happened | Sold core Events & Sessions products to RingCentral for ~$50M (2023). Remaining video products (StreamYard, Streamable, Superwave) acquired by Bending Spoons (April 2024). Acquisition price undisclosed but a fraction of $7.75B peak. |
| Status | Effectively dead as an events company. StreamYard lives on under Bending Spoons. |
Cvent — The Consolidation King
| Founded | 1999 |
|---|---|
| Ownership | Blackstone (acquired for $4.6B enterprise value in March 2023; bought remaining stake for $1.3B in July 2025) |
| ARR | ~$650M |
| Revenue split | 70% events software, 30% Hospitality Cloud marketplace |
| Customers | ~30,000 (majority of Fortune 100) |
| 2024–2025 acquisitions |
|
| December 2025 spend | ~$700M on Goldcast + ON24 alone |
| Expected synergies | $50M/year from tech consolidation and sales streamlining |
| Status | Dominant player. Aggressively consolidating the market. |
ON24
| Ticker (was) | NYSE: ONTF |
|---|---|
| 2021 revenue (peak) | $203.6M |
| 2024 revenue | $148.1M (down 27% from peak) |
| 2025 revenue | $138–139M |
| Cash on hand | ~$175M |
| Stock price (late 2025) | ~$4.73 |
| IPO valuation (Feb 2021) | $2.22B |
| Acquisition price (Dec 2025) | $400M by Cvent (all cash) |
| Status | Acquired by Cvent. Revenue declined 32% from 2021 peak. |
Bizzabo
| Total raised | $226M across 7 rounds |
|---|---|
| Peak valuation | $800M (Dec 2020 Series E) |
| Down-round valuation | $200M (2022, led by Insight Partners, 30% cut) |
| 2024 revenue | $43.9M (up from $23M in 2023) |
| Customers | 600 |
| Layoffs | ~30% of workforce during down round |
| Status | Survived. Named Leader in Forrester Wave Q4 2024. Launched AI networking suite in 2025. |
Hubilo
| Total raised | $154M across 6 rounds |
|---|---|
| Series B | $125M led by Alkeon Capital (Oct 2021) |
| 2024 revenue | $97M |
| Layoffs | 12% (Jul 2022), 35% (Jan 2023), 50+ (Oct 2023). CEO acknowledged "collapse of virtual events industry" and stepped down Jul 2024. |
| Returned to investors | $75M (Nov 2024) |
| Pivot | Shifted from broad virtual/hybrid events to webinars |
| Status | Acquired by Brandlive (Sep 2025). Brandlive's 5th acquisition in 18 months. |
Airmeet
| Total raised | $50M (Accel, Redpoint, RingCentral, Prosus, Sequoia) |
|---|---|
| 2024 revenue | $47M |
| Layoffs | 30% (May 2023), 20% (Mar 2024), 80% of tech team (Sep 2024). Over 100 employees cut in 16 months. |
| Status | Struggling. Massive ongoing layoffs despite modest revenue. |
Goldcast
| Total raised | $42M |
|---|---|
| Series A | $28M led by WestBridge Capital |
| 2024 revenue | $10.8M |
| Customers | 200 |
| Recognition | No. 189 on 2025 Deloitte Technology Fast 500 |
| Status | Acquired by Cvent (Dec 2025) for ~$300M. Pivoted to "AI-first video content platform" for B2B. |
Zuddl
| Total raised | $25M (Series A: $13M led by Alpha Wave, Qualcomm Ventures) |
|---|---|
| Valuation | $100M |
| 2024 revenue | $18M |
| Team | 120 people |
| Status | Independent. Focused on modular B2B event management. |
vFairs
| Founded | 2017 |
|---|---|
| 2024 revenue | $30M (slight decline from $31.6M in 2023) |
| Customers | 1,250 |
| Team | 256 employees |
| Recognition | 2025 Gartner Customer's Choice award |
| Status | Independent. Stable but flat revenue. |
Other Dedicated Platforms
- Run The World
- Raised $15M (a16z, Founders Fund, Will Smith). Acquired by EventMobi (Aug 2023).
- Welcome
- Raised $12M (Kleiner Perkins, Y Combinator, Kapor Capital). Pivoted from Apple-keynote-style events to webinar/content platform. Still operating independently.
- SpotMe
- Founded 2001. Trusted by 12,000+ enterprise users. Acquired by Post (Apr 2023). Named Leader in Forrester Wave Q4 2024.
- Splash
- Raised $39.5M total. 500+ clients, 60+ Fortune 1000. Acquired by Cvent (Sep 2024).
- Grip
- Raised $13M (2021). AI-powered networking and matchmaking for events. Independent.
- Swapcard
- Raised $6M+. Event engagement platform for trade shows and conferences. "Contender" in Forrester Q4 2024 Wave. Launched AI-Recommended Leads in 2025.
- Brella
- Raised $11.4M (Series A). AI matchmaking, networking, event management for virtual/physical/hybrid events.
- Brandlive
- Emerging consolidator. 5 acquisitions in 18 months: Notified's virtual events business (Apr 2024, quadrupled company size), Hubilo (Sep 2025), and 3 others. Building an enterprise video + virtual events empire.
Public Companies / Large Players
Eventbrite
| Ticker (was) | NYSE: EB |
|---|---|
| IPO valuation (2018) | $1.76B |
| 2024 revenue | $325M |
| 2025 revenue (TTM) | ~$295M (down 12.4% YoY) |
| COVID impact | Lost 90% of revenue in two weeks. Laid off 45% (2020), 8% (2023), 11% (2024). |
| Status | Acquired by Bending Spoons for $500M (Dec 2025). A fraction of $1.76B IPO valuation. $4.50/share = 82% premium to 60-day VWAP. Expected to close H1 2026. |
Kaltura
| Ticker | NASDAQ: KLTR |
|---|---|
| Q4 2024 revenue | $45.6M (+3% YoY) |
| 2025 total revenue guidance | $179.9M–$182.9M (+1–2% YoY) |
| 2025 subscription revenue guidance | $170.4M–$173.4M (+2–3% YoY) |
| Status | Slow growth but achieving record subscription revenue and Adjusted EBITDA profitability. Won multiple virtual event platform awards in 2024. |
Webinar Platforms
Zoom Events / Zoom Webinars
| Parent: Zoom (FY2024 revenue) | $4.53B (up 3.1% YoY) |
|---|---|
| Enterprise revenue | $2.62B (+8.7% YoY) |
| Webinar minutes | 45B annually (+7.1% YoY) |
| Webinar revenue share | Webinars generated 45.75% of 2025 revenue inside the virtual events market (per industry analysis) |
| Status | Dominant in webinar market through sheer distribution. Zoom Events is the enterprise upsell. |
Webex Events (Cisco)
| Parent company | Cisco (total revenue ~$53B) |
|---|---|
| Webex monthly calls | 8B+ |
| Max capacity | 100K attendees per event |
| Status | Market leader in room endpoints (26.2% share). Virtual events is a small piece of a massive collaboration portfolio. |
GoTo Webinar (GoTo/LogMeIn)
| Parent revenue | ~$1B annually |
|---|---|
| Companies using GoToWebinar | 20,132 (verified) |
| Total participants | 1B+ in meetings, classes, and webinars |
| Status | Legacy player. Rebranded from LogMeIn to GoTo (Feb 2022). Spun off LastPass (May 2024). Steady but not growing. |
Livestorm
| Total raised | $35M across 3 rounds (latest: $30M Series B, Nov 2020) |
|---|---|
| Customers | 5,000+ (Sony, Dolby, Verizon) |
| Status | G2 Leader in webinar software. French-founded. No new funding since 2020. |
Demio
| Founded | 2015 |
|---|---|
| Team | 17 employees |
| Focus | Marketing analytics for webinars. On-demand, automated, and hybrid webinars. Pipeline attribution. |
| Status | Small, focused, appears bootstrapped. Niche play in marketer-focused webinars. |
BigMarker
| Focus | Most customizable webinar platform. AI matchmaking analyzing 15+ data points. |
|---|---|
| Status | Active, rolling out UI upgrades and interactive tools in 2024. Quietly growing. |
Streaming & Production Platforms
StreamYard
| Original acquisition | Acquired by Hopin for $250M (2021) |
|---|---|
| Current owner | Bending Spoons (acquired Apr 2024) |
| 2025 revenue | ~$15M |
| Status | Live-streaming tool. Operating independently under Bending Spoons. The most valuable piece salvaged from Hopin's wreckage. |
Restream
| Total raised | $56.5M across 8 rounds (largest: $50M Series A, Aug 2020) |
|---|---|
| 2024 revenue | $17.5M (up from $10.4M in 2023) |
| Status | Multistreaming platform. Growing steadily. Independent. |
Riverside.fm
| Total raised | $80M (latest: $30M Series C, Dec 2024) |
|---|---|
| Minutes recorded (2024) | 100M+ |
| Key clients | Google, Microsoft, Marvel |
| Status | Podcast/video recording platform. Not profitable yet; targeting profitability by end of 2026. |
Crowdcast
| Focus | Community-focused webinars with polls, Q&A, chat |
|---|---|
| Status | Declining. Users report reliability issues and are migrating to alternatives. |
Community & Creator Event Platforms
Luma (Lu.ma)
| Total raised | $3M (seed, from Venrock, Calvin, Maven Ventures) |
|---|---|
| 2024 revenue | $65.2K (platform revenue; most value is in ticket volume) |
| Monthly signups for events | ~2M people |
| User growth | 5x in past year |
| Status | Dominant in developer/tech events. Extremely lean ($3M raised, 1 person team reported). Revenue model is ticketing commissions. |
Partiful
| Total raised | $27.3M (Series A1: $20M led by a16z, Nov 2022) |
|---|---|
| Valuation | $120–$140M |
| MAUs (Q1 2025) | 500K (400% YoY growth) |
| Revenue model | Group Order feature (Instacart partnership: $5 delivery + % of order value) |
| Recognition | Google's "Best App" of 2024 |
| Status | Gen Z social event planning. Growing rapidly. Consumer play, not enterprise. |
Bevy
| Total raised | $61.4M |
|---|---|
| 2024 revenue | $15.9M (up from $10.8M in 2023) |
| Customers | 30K |
| Team | 65 employees |
| Status | Community events platform for enterprises. Growing steadily. |
Circle
| Total raised | $33.3M (Series A, Dec 2021) |
|---|---|
| 2025 ARR | $27.7M (up 75% from $12M in May 2023) |
| Active users | 4.1M across 10,000+ communities |
| Notable clients | Ali Abdaal, SpaceX, Oprah Daily |
| Status | Events is a feature within the community platform. Growing fast. |
Mighty Networks
| Total raised | $67.9–$71.8M |
|---|---|
| 2024 revenue | $8.6M (company revenue) |
| Creator earnings on platform | $500M in 2025 |
| Status | Communities, courses, events, memberships. Events is a feature, not the core product. |
Skool
| 2025 revenue | $26.6M |
|---|---|
| Pricing | $9/month Hobby Plan, $99/month Pro Plan. 0% platform fee (Stripe's 2.9% only). |
| Notable | Alex Hormozi partnership. Skool Games contest winners hit $100K+ MRR. |
| Status | Growing rapidly in the creator/coaching community space. Events via Calendar feature. |
Audio & Social Event Platforms
Clubhouse — The Other Cautionary Tale
| Peak valuation | $4B |
|---|---|
| Peak users | 100M (reached in under 1 year) |
| Current status | Searches dropped to 2% of peak. No longer in top 50 free social apps in US. Downloads dropped from 417K/month to 243K/month (2023). Essentially no revenue. |
| What went wrong | Lost exclusivity when it opened to everyone. Twitter Spaces and Spotify Live launched competing features. No viable monetization. Tipping and ticketed events generated negligible revenue. |
| Status | Effectively irrelevant. Still technically alive. |
Twitter/X Spaces
| Spaces created (Jan–Apr 2024) | 6.4M |
|---|---|
| Participation growth | 34% since 2024 |
| X overall DAUs | 259M (+6.6% YoY) |
| Status | Live audio continues to grow on X. Benefited from Clubhouse's decline. |
LinkedIn Events / Audio
| Audio Events | Discontinued December 2024. Merged into LinkedIn Live. Low adoption, video showed stronger engagement. |
|---|---|
| Live Events growth | 30% increase in participation YoY |
| Webinar registrations via LinkedIn Events | 28% increase YoY |
Virtual Conference & Expo Platforms
6Connex
| Focus | Virtual venues, event management, webinars |
|---|---|
| Ownership | Dura Software invested. Acquired Eventory (Dec 2021). |
| Status | Independent. Enterprise-focused. Limited public financial data. |
Accelevents
| Founded | 2015 |
|---|---|
| Notable | Multi-year agreement with IEEE. G2 Grid Leader for event management. |
| Acquisitions | Acquired virtual event platform High Attendance (planned shutdown after migration). |
| Status | Independent. Enterprise-grade. Growing through acquisition and enterprise contracts. |
Gaming & Metaverse Events
Fortnite Concerts
| Travis Scott "Astronomical" (Apr 2020) | 12.3M concurrent viewers. 27.7M unique players across 5 shows. 45.8M total participations. |
|---|---|
| Marshmello concert | 10.7M concurrent players |
| Travis Scott earnings | ~$20M (fee + merchandise) |
| Format | Free to attend. Revenue from artist fees, virtual merch, skin sales. |
Roblox Events
| Record virtual concert | 14.3M concurrent viewers (Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Ice Spice) |
|---|---|
| Revenue model | Virtual merchandise, avatar accessories, limited-edition concert wearables |
| Status | Continued investment in virtual concerts and events. Platform serves as a distribution channel for artists. |
Decentraland
| Music Festival attendance | ~50K unique attendees (2021, 2022) |
|---|---|
| Countries represented | 159 |
| Past artists | deadmau5, Bjork, Soulja Boy, RUFUS DU SOL, Ozzy Osbourne |
| Status | Niche but persistent. 2024 festival featured Mat Zo, San Holo. Small audience compared to Fortnite/Roblox. |
Gather.Town
| Total raised | $76.1M (Series B: $50M led by Sequoia, Index Ventures) |
|---|---|
| 2024 revenue | $10.8M |
| Team | 74 people |
| Model | Freemium. Premium features: multiple screen sharing, virtual backgrounds, blur, premium support. |
| Status | Independent. Pivot from pure virtual events toward virtual office + events. |
- Remo
- Virtual networking platform with tables and virtual stage. Formal structure for conferences and business events. Independent.
- Virbela
- Enterprise metaverse. Customizable 3D spaces with avatars and spatial audio. Founded early, has pivoted toward virtual office use cases.
- SpatialChat
- Proximity-based chat. Initially for social events, pivoted toward virtual meetings and offices.
3. The Post-COVID Reckoning
Who Died, Pivoted, or Got Acquired
| Platform | Peak Valuation/Funding | Current Status | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hopin | $7.75B | Dead (as events co) | Events sold to RingCentral ~$50M. StreamYard sold to Bending Spoons. |
| ON24 | $2.22B (IPO) | Acquired | Sold to Cvent for $400M. Revenue down 32% from peak. |
| Hubilo | $154M raised | Acquired | Returned $75M to investors. Acquired by Brandlive. CEO stepped down. |
| Eventbrite | $1.76B (IPO) | Acquired | Sold to Bending Spoons for $500M (28% of IPO valuation). |
| Run The World | $15M raised (a16z) | Acquired | Sold to EventMobi (Aug 2023). |
| SpotMe | Unknown | Acquired | Sold to Post (Apr 2023). |
| Splash | $39.5M raised | Acquired | Sold to Cvent (Sep 2024). |
| Goldcast | $42M raised | Acquired | Sold to Cvent for ~$300M (Dec 2025). Actually a good outcome. |
| Clubhouse | $4B | Irrelevant | Searches at 2% of peak. No revenue model. Still alive technically. |
| Airmeet | $50M raised | Struggling | 80% of tech team cut. Massive ongoing layoffs. |
| Bizzabo | $800M → $200M | Survived | Painful down round but stabilized. Forrester Leader. |
| Crowdcast | Unknown | Declining | Reliability issues. Users migrating away. |
| Cvent | $4.6B (Blackstone) | Dominant | Acquiring everything. 7+ acquisitions since Jan 2024. |
Hopin's Rise and Fall in Detail
- 2019: Founded by Johnny Boufarhat, who had a chronic illness and wanted to attend events virtually.
- 2020: COVID hits. Hopin goes from tiny startup to unicorn. Reaches $2B+ valuation by November.
- 2021: Valuation soars to $5.65B (March), then $7.75B (August). Makes 6 acquisitions including StreamYard for $250M. Headcount reaches 1,100.
- 2022: COVID restrictions ease. In-person events return. Three rounds of layoffs. Headcount halves from 1,100 to 503. "Zoom fatigue" narrative takes hold.
- 2023: Sells core Events and Sessions products to RingCentral for ~$50M. Company is effectively gutted.
- 2024: Remaining video assets (StreamYard, Streamable, Superwave) acquired by Bending Spoons. Revenue $73.6M but the company no longer exists as an events platform.
Total investor losses: $1B+ invested against a $7.75B peak valuation. Core business sold for ~$50M. Arguably the single biggest value destruction event in the virtual events market.
The "Zoom Fatigue" Phenomenon
- 37.1% of professionals consider Zoom fatigue the greatest challenge of virtual meetings
- 49% say on-camera meetings make them more exhausted
- Women 2.5x more likely to experience Zoom fatigue than men (13.8% vs 5.5% reporting "very to extremely" fatigued)
- 50% of B2B tech marketers said customers were becoming "significantly fatigued" with virtual events
- 38% of companies cited participant Zoom fatigue as their biggest challenge running virtual events
- However: A 2024 study suggests Zoom fatigue has largely faded as video calls became normalized. The fatigue was driven by historical context (novelty + overuse), not the medium itself.
Who Survived and Why
- Cvent (winner)
- Had the largest enterprise installed base and deepest product. Used Blackstone's capital to acquire distressed competitors at discount prices. Events software is sticky — switching costs are high.
- Bizzabo (survivor)
- Took a brutal down round ($800M → $200M) and 30% layoffs but survived. Focused on becoming the Forrester/Gartner-recognized leader for mid-market. Revenue nearly doubled in 2024.
- Zoom/Webex/Teams (survived via distribution)
- Virtual events is a feature, not the core product. They survive because every enterprise already pays for the parent platform. Zoom Events upsells to existing customers.
- Luma / Partiful (different game)
- Never competed in enterprise virtual events. Focused on lightweight event discovery and social planning. Capital-efficient. Growing through organic adoption in specific communities.
The Consolidation Wave (2024–2025)
Cvent and Bending Spoons spent a combined ~$1.2B acquiring distressed event tech companies in 2025 alone. Brandlive made 5 acquisitions in 18 months. The market is rapidly consolidating from 50+ players to a handful of large platforms plus niche specialists.
4. What Actually Works
Virtual Event Formats That Have Proven Sustainable
- Webinars as B2B lead gen
- The single most durable virtual event format. 73% of B2B marketers say webinars are the best way to generate high-quality leads. 89% report webinars outperform other channels for qualified leads. 63% of B2B buyers have made a purchase decision after attending a webinar. Webinars generated 45.75% of virtual events market revenue in 2025. Nearly 20% growth in organizations integrating webinars into marketing plans between 2024–2025. This is the proven, boring, money-printing format.
- Virtual summits in the creator economy
- Multi-speaker online events selling $97–$497 tickets (or free with paid VIP upsell). Works because the creator's audience is the distribution channel. Skool Games winners hit $100K+ MRR through community events. $500M earned on Mighty Networks in 2025.
- Online conferences with paid tickets
- Works when the content is specialized and high-value. Virtual events generate 12% higher revenue per attendee than in-person events. Companies save ~$42K per event by going virtual. Best for niche professional communities.
- Gaming/metaverse events
- Fortnite concerts attract 12–28M viewers. Roblox hit 14.3M concurrent viewers. These work because the platform IS the venue and the audience is already there. Virtual merch and skins drive revenue. Not replicable by standalone event platforms.
- Virtual trade shows
- Persistent niche. vFairs ($30M revenue, 1,250 customers) survives on virtual job fairs and trade shows. Works for industries with global attendees where travel is a barrier.
- Virtual workshops and masterclasses
- Hands-on, small-group formats. 60% attendance rate for educational webinars (highest of any format). Subscription models ($100/month for daily sessions) create predictable revenue.
- Watch parties and co-viewing
- Niche but growing. X Spaces saw 34% growth in participation. Discord stage channels serve this purpose for gaming communities.
What Does NOT Work
- Trying to replicate in-person conferences virtually — Multi-day virtual conferences with keynotes, breakout rooms, and "networking lounges" saw massive drop-off post-COVID. This is what killed Hopin.
- Audio-only social platforms — Clubhouse proved this is a feature, not a product. LinkedIn killed its audio events in Dec 2024.
- Metaverse "virtual offices" for events — Gather.Town ($10.8M revenue on $76M raised), Virbela, SpatialChat: the avatar/spatial metaphor hasn't scaled for events beyond novelty.
- Free virtual events as a business model — Many platforms gave away events during COVID, creating an expectation of free. Monetizing attendees proved much harder than expected.
5. Revenue Models
| Model | Description | Who Uses It | Typical Pricing |
|---|---|---|---|
| SaaS subscription | Monthly/annual fee for platform access. Most cost-effective for frequent event hosts. | Cvent, Bizzabo, Zoom Events, Livestorm, Demio | $50–$2,000+/month depending on features and attendee caps |
| Per-event pricing | One-time fee per event. Simpler for annual/quarterly conferences. | vFairs, 6Connex, some enterprise platforms | $5,000–$40,000+ per event (large conferences $25K–$40K for 3,000+ attendees) |
| Per-attendee pricing | Scales with event size. Average cost $500–$1,000 per attendee (34% of marketers estimate this range). | Enterprise platforms, managed service providers | $5–$50+ per attendee depending on features |
| Ticketing commissions | Percentage of ticket sales. Dominant model for consumer events. | Eventbrite, Luma, Partiful | 2–10% of ticket price + payment processing |
| Sponsorship tools | Virtual booth/expo fees, sponsored sessions, banner ads within events. | vFairs, Swapcard, ON24, trade show platforms | $5K–$50K+ per sponsor tier |
| Virtual booth/expo fees | Exhibitors pay to set up branded virtual booths in trade shows. | vFairs, 6Connex, Swapcard | $1K–$20K per booth |
| White-label licensing | Platform licensed to agencies or enterprises who rebrand it. | SpotMe, BigMarker, some enterprise platforms | $50K–$500K+/year |
| Freemium | Free tier with limits, paid tiers for premium features. | Zoom, Gather.Town, StreamYard, Luma | Free → $20–$500+/month for premium |
| Creator platform fee | Monthly subscription for creators to host paid events/communities. | Skool ($9–$99/month), Circle, Mighty Networks | $9–$119/month + 0–5% platform fee on revenue |
| Embedded commerce | Revenue from transactions within the event ecosystem. | Partiful (Group Order), Fortnite (virtual merch), Roblox (wearables) | % of transaction value |
Key insight: The most sustainable revenue model is SaaS subscription for B2B (Cvent, Bizzabo) and ticketing commissions for B2C (Eventbrite, Luma). Per-event pricing died with the COVID boom because it didn't create recurring revenue. Creator platforms (Skool, Circle) found the sweet spot: low monthly subscription + 0% platform fee on creator earnings.
6. Technology Stack
Video Infrastructure (Picks and Shovels)
| Provider | Type | Funding/Revenue | Key Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| LiveKit | Open-source real-time video/audio framework + cloud | $174M raised. $1B valuation (Jan 2026). 2023 revenue: $3M. | Powers OpenAI ChatGPT voice mode, xAI, Salesforce, Tesla. Fastest-growing in the space. Open-source core. |
| Agora | Real-time engagement APIs (video, voice, interactive live streaming) | Public (NASDAQ: API). 2024 revenue: $133.3M (-5.9% YoY). Stock: ~$4.25. | 4 consecutive quarters of GAAP profitability in Q3 2025. Revenue growing again (+12% in Q3 2025). |
| Mux | Video API (upload, encoding, storage, playback, analytics) | $173.9M raised ($105M Series D at $1B+ valuation). 2024 revenue: $46.1M (up from $30.8M). | 4,900 customers. Focused on developer-first video infrastructure. API for streaming video. |
| Daily.co | Ultra-low latency video/voice API | $60M+ raised ($40M Series B, Nov 2021). 2024 revenue: $6M (up from $2.9M). | 13ms median first-hop latency. 75+ global PoPs. Developer-friendly. 1K customers. |
| 100ms | Real-time video/audio API for developers | $24.5M raised. 2023 revenue: $5.6M. | Founded by ex-Disney engineers. Speed and reliability focus. |
| Twilio Video | Programmable video API | Parent: Twilio (revenue ~$4B). Video segment: small, nearly sunset. | Announced sunset (Dec 2026) then reversed decision after customer backlash. Not a strategic priority. Revenue/growth "not in line with expectations." |
| Vonage (Ericsson) | Communications API including video | Acquired by Ericsson for $6.2B (Jul 2022). Ericsson took ~$4.1B in impairment charges since. | Enterprise segment revenue declining. 70% of Ericsson enterprise revenue. Strategic mess. |
Real-Time Engagement Features
- Chat: Built-in or via PubNub, Sendbird, Stream. Table stakes for any event platform.
- Polls & Q&A: Native feature in most platforms. Slido (acquired by Cisco/Webex) is the standalone leader.
- Networking: AI matchmaking (Grip, Brella, Bizzabo). Speed networking (Remo, Airmeet). Clarion Events saw 44% increase in meetings through AI matchmaking.
- Registration & ticketing: Built into platforms or via Eventbrite, Tito, Ti.to.
- Analytics & ROI: Session engagement, attendee tracking, lead scoring. Swapcard launched AI-Recommended Leads in 2025.
- CRM integrations: Salesforce, HubSpot, Marketo. Essential for enterprise B2B events.
AI Features in 2025–2026
91% of business events professionals now use AI in some form.
- AI matchmaking
- Bizzabo, Grip, Brella, BigMarker. Analyze attendee profiles, interests, behavior to suggest connections. Clarion Events: 44% increase in in-person meetings. ExpoMax: 35% improvement in traffic management.
- AI content repurposing
- ON24: auto-transforms live events into blog posts, social content, video highlights, summaries. Goldcast pivoted to "AI-first video content platform" before Cvent acquisition.
- AI-generated summaries
- ON24 "Snapshots": attendees tap screens during sessions to save moments, AI aggregates into personalized highlight reels. Session summaries auto-generated.
- AI event creation
- Bending Spoons plans to add AI event creation to Eventbrite post-acquisition. Lower barrier to creating events.
- AI lead scoring
- Swapcard AI-Recommended Leads: real-time engagement data for lead scoring. Integration with CRMs for automated follow-up.
7. Bootstrapper Opportunities
Market Gaps
- Vertical-specific event platforms
- The horizontal event platform market is consolidating around Cvent. But vertical SaaS grows 2–3x faster than horizontal solutions. Opportunities: events for medical/pharma (CME credits, compliance), legal CLE events, real estate open houses, church/religious events, sports coaching, wine/spirits tastings, music education. Build the "Cvent for [industry]" but 10x simpler and cheaper.
- Event content repurposing tools
- ON24 and Goldcast were acquired partly for their AI content repurposing. A standalone tool that takes any virtual event recording and generates blog posts, social clips, email sequences, and highlight reels could serve the long tail of event organizers who use Zoom/Teams/Meet (not Cvent).
- Event analytics and ROI measurement
- 88% of marketers identify events as key revenue drivers but most can't prove ROI. A tool that integrates with Zoom, Teams, Meet, and CRMs to track attendee engagement to pipeline/revenue attribution. The "Datadog for events" opportunity.
- AI networking/matchmaking as a standalone
- Grip and Brella exist but are tied to specific platforms. An API/widget that adds AI matchmaking to ANY event platform (Zoom, Teams, Meet, or custom) could serve the massive "bring your own video" market.
- Lightweight creator event tools
- Luma proved this market exists ($3M raised, 2M monthly signups). But Luma is focused on tech/developer events. Opportunities: Luma-like simplicity for fitness instructors, local communities, book clubs, hobby groups. Partiful is doing this for social events but not for paid/professional creator events outside tech.
- Virtual event templates and production
- Most virtual events look terrible. A tool that provides professional templates, branded overlays, lower thirds, and production features for non-technical organizers. Think "Canva for virtual events."
- Hybrid event logistics
- The hybrid events market is $5B and growing 15%+. But running hybrid is operationally complex. Tools that simplify simultaneous in-person + virtual execution: syncing agendas, managing two audiences, unified Q&A/polling, coordinated sponsorship displays.
Open-Source Alternatives
- Hi.Events
- Open-source Eventbrite alternative. Ticketing, registration, QR code check-in. Self-hosted or cloud. Built on Laravel.
- Attendize
- Open-source event ticketing and management. Laravel-based. General admission events.
- Jitsi + PeerTube + Matrix stack
- Full open-source virtual conference: PeerTube for livestreaming, Jitsi for live stage and breakout rooms, Matrix for backstage coordination, Etherpad for Q&A. Proven approach used by open-source conferences.
- LiveKit (open-source core)
- The most promising infrastructure for building custom event platforms. Open-source WebRTC framework. Powers serious production use cases.
- OBS Studio
- Free, open-source streaming and recording. Foundation of most livestream production setups.
The "Picks and Shovels" Plays
- Video infrastructure APIs — LiveKit ($1B valuation), Mux ($46M revenue), Daily.co ($6M revenue). Event platforms come and go but they all need video infrastructure underneath. LiveKit's open-source model is winning.
- Event data/analytics — Every event generates valuable attendee data. Tools that help organizers understand and act on this data (lead scoring, engagement analytics, attribution).
- Registration/ticketing infrastructure — Hi.Events (open-source) and Tito serve this. The Stripe of event ticketing is still missing.
- Integrations middleware — Connect event platforms to CRMs, marketing automation, payment processors. The "Zapier/Segment for events" opportunity.
- Content capture/repurposing — Record, transcribe, clip, redistribute. Riverside.fm ($80M raised) is doing this for podcasts. The equivalent for events is wide open.
What a Solo Founder Could Build
| Idea | Why It Works | Revenue Potential | Complexity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Event clip generator | Record → transcribe → auto-clip highlights → social-ready. Uses existing AI APIs. | $50–$200/month SaaS. 1,000 customers = $50K–$200K MRR. | Medium (AI APIs + video processing) |
| Niche event directory + ticketing | Lu.ma for [your niche]. Hyper-focused SEO play. 5% ticketing commission. | Revenue scales with event volume. $10K–$100K/month at scale. | Low (web app + Stripe) |
| Event ROI dashboard | Connects to Zoom/Teams + HubSpot/Salesforce. Shows which events drive pipeline. | $200–$500/month B2B SaaS. High retention. | Medium (API integrations) |
| AI matchmaking widget | Embeddable networking widget for any event. BYOV (bring your own video). | Per-event or SaaS pricing. $500–$5,000/event. | High (AI + real-time features) |
| Virtual event templates marketplace | Pre-built themes, overlays, lower thirds. StreamYard + OBS compatible. | $10–$50 per template. Volume play. | Low (design + e-commerce) |
| Speaker management SaaS | CRM for event speakers: outreach, scheduling, contracts, A/V requirements, slide collection. | $50–$200/month. Underserved pain point for event organizers. | Low-Medium (CRUD app + integrations) |
Key Takeaways for Bootstrappers
- Don't build another horizontal virtual event platform. That market is consolidating around Cvent, Bizzabo, and Zoom. You cannot compete.
- Build for the "Zoom + Sheets" crowd. Most events still run on Zoom + a spreadsheet. These organizers need simple, affordable tools — not enterprise platforms.
- Picks and shovels beat platforms. Video infrastructure (LiveKit model), analytics, content repurposing, and integrations have better risk/reward than full platforms.
- Go vertical. "Cvent for doctors" or "Eventbrite for yoga studios" can win by owning a niche. Vertical SaaS grows 2–3x faster.
- Webinars are not dead. B2B webinars are the single most proven virtual event format. 73% of B2B marketers say they generate the best leads. Tools that make webinars more effective (better analytics, content repurposing, automated follow-up) have a large market.
- AI is the differentiator. 91% of events professionals use AI. Matchmaking, content repurposing, lead scoring, and automated summaries are table stakes by 2026.